苹果果实糖的研究现状

本文介绍了有关苹果果实糖代谢及相关酶的研究现状,并对影响苹果果实糖含量的因子进行了讨论。     

梭梭被肉苁蓉寄生后的生理代谢反应

在新疆吉木萨尔县林木良种试验站肉苁蓉良种繁育基地内,选择立地条件、梭梭树龄、林分密度、林木株行距、接种肉苁蓉方式以及管理措施等基本一致的梭梭人工林为试验地,以被肉苁蓉寄生、未被肉苁蓉寄生和曾被肉苁蓉寄生但已解除寄生关系的梭梭为研究对象,通过对梭梭同化枝的相对含水量、束缚水/自由水、叶绿素、脯氨酸、丙二醛含量等水分代谢和生化指标的测定,研究梭梭被肉苁蓉寄生以后的生理代谢反应.结果表明:与未被肉苁蓉寄生的以及曾被肉苁蓉寄生但采收了肉苁蓉种子的梭梭比较,被肉苁蓉寄生的梭梭同化枝的相对含水量有所降低,而束缚水/自由水的比值有所提高;与此同时,被肉苁蓉寄生的梭梭同化枝的叶绿素含量降低,而脯氨酸和丙二醛含量有所提高.三者之间的各项测定指标的差异达到显著程度.梭梭被肉苁蓉寄生以后引发的一系列生理代谢反应,既是梭梭被肉苁蓉寄生以后的一种生理代谢适应,也是引起被肉苁蓉寄生的梭梭生长衰退的主要原因之一.     

土壤干旱与柿叶片膜脂及脂质过氧化的关系

在不同灌水条件下,对盆栽柿幼树叶片组织相对含水量,细胞透性,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,膜脂脂肪酸组分和脂质过氧化作用产物——丙二醛(MDA)含量进行测定,结果表明:当水势Ψ_S下降时,细胞透性(PERM)增大,SOD和CAT活性下降,脂质过氧化作用增强,膜脂中不饱和脂肪酸含量下降,饱和脂肪酸含量升高。试验证明:土壤水势(?)_S=-3.80±0.47bar,各指标变化最明显。本试验条件下,幼柿叶片SOD活性,CAT活性,MDA含量,PERM,不饱和脂肪酸指数(IUFA)与组织相对含水量(RWC)和土壤水势(Ψ_s)间具显著相关关系。     

Role of PPARα/PGC-1α in doxorubicin induced mouse dilated cardio-myopathy

AIM: To investigate the changes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)α/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) in doxorubicin (DOX) induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and its effect on the energy metabolism and myocardial function in mice. METHODS: Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, DOX group, PPARα inhibitor group and PPARα agonist group. The DCM model was established by injection of DOX. The protein levels of PPARα/PGC-1α were detected. The PPARα inhibitor and PPARα agonist were used 2 weeks beforeinjection of DOX. The contents of adenine acid and phosphocreatine (Pcr) in the mitochondria were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ANT activity was analyzed by the atractyloside-inhibitor stop technique. The changes of the echocardiography and hemodynamics were also observed. RESULTS: DOX induced DCM model was successfully established. The protein levels of PPARα and PGC-1α in control group were significantly higher than those in DOX group (P<0.05). Both of the high-energy phosphate contents and the transport activity of ANT were decreased in DOX group (P<0.05), and the hemodynamic parameters were disordered (P<0.01). Compared with DOX group, PPARα inhibitor pre-treatment significantly reduced the PPARα/PGC-1α expression. Meanwhile, high-energy phosphate contents in the mitochondria and the ANT transport activity of the mitochondria decreased, as well as the left ventricular function (P<0.05). On the other hand, PPARα agonist significantly increased the expression of PPARα and PGC-1α, and improved the transport activity of ANT. In addition, the hemodynamic parameters were ameliorated, but the high-energy phosphate contents of the mitochondria did not significantly change. CONCLUSION: PPARα/PGC-1α plays an important role in the regulation of ANT transport activity in dilated cardiomyopathy induced by DOX, and the activation of PPARα/PGC-1α has protective effects on the DCM induced by DOX.     

Protective effect of adiponectin on glucose and lipid metabolism by suppressing MHCⅡ expression

AIM: To investigate whether the protective effect of adiponectin on glucose and lipid metabolism is achieved through down-regulating major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ (MHCⅡ) in the adipose tissue. METHODS: Adiponectin knockout (KO) mice and C57BL/6(WT) mice were fed with high-fat diet and standard diet for 24 weeks, respectively. The body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hepatic histology, and class Ⅱ trans-activator (CⅡTA), histocompatibility 2 class Ⅱ antigen E beta (H2-Eb1) and cluster of differentiation 74(CD74) mRNA and MHC Ⅱ protein levels in adipose tissue were measured at sacrifice. siRNA targeting MHC Ⅱ and overexpression vector was used in 3T3-L1 cells to explore the effect of adiponectin on the protein level of MHCⅡ. RESULTS: The levels of body weight, FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL-C, hepatic steatosis, CⅡTA, H2-Eb1 and CD74 mRNA expression, and MHCⅡ protein expression in the KO mice were higher than those in the WT mice that fed with high-fat diet or standard diet. In 3T3-L1 cells, inhibition of adiponectin reversed MHC Ⅱ protein level induced by specific siRNA. The expression of MHC Ⅱ in adipocytes decreased after adiponectin was overexpressed. CONCLUSION: Adiponectin improves glucose and lipid metabolism through suppressing the expression of MHCⅡ in the adipose tissue.     

水分胁迫对板栗幼苗叶片活性氧代谢的影响

采用盆栽控水试验测定了板栗幼苗叶片的生理生化指标,结果表明:在土壤水分胁迫下,随胁迫强度的增加,板栗叶片相对含水量和可溶性蛋白含量呈逐渐减小趋势;总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素含量呈下降趋势,但下降幅度不同;活性氧保护酶SOD、POD、CAT随胁迫程度的增强呈先降后增再降低的变化趋势,而ASP基本呈降低的变化趋势;O-·2产生速率呈先增再降后增加的变化趋势,而H2O2含量呈先增后降的变化趋势,其中中度胁迫时含量最大;MDA含量与质膜相对透性均随胁迫程度的增强而增大;SOD、CAT、ASP等保护酶可以作为板栗幼苗抗旱力强弱的评价指标.     

油茶油脂的生物合成及调控基因的特性

茶油在种子内主要以油体形式存在,因而油体蛋白的数量与种类决定了油体的数量与特性,在长期进化中油体蛋白基因失去了内含子,可促进油体蛋白的快速表达.茶油生物合成过程中涉及了大量酶与蛋白质的参与,其中丙二酸单酰C oA决定了饱和脂肪酸的合成速度;硬脂酰ACP脱饱和酶直接控制不饱和脂肪酸的含量;油酸脱饱和酶控制多不饱和脂肪酸的含量与种类.还需克隆相关基因的全长cDNA,并通过分子生物学技术确定这些基因的功能与调控机理.     

杨树膜脂脂肪酸和磷脂的组成与抗寒性的关系

对一年生草本植物小麦、水稻、玉米等从生物膜膜脂的组成和配比的角度来探讨抗寒机理已有很多的报告,对多年生木本植物的研究还不很多。以前的研究结果大部分都支持了脂肪酸不饱和度与抗寒性的相关性,但各种植物也不尽相同,甚至有一些相反的结论。为了比较杨树耐寒品种和不耐寒品种在化学和生理特性上的差别,本研究用现代仪器分析方法测定了耐寒欧美杨(45杨)和不耐寒美洲黑杨(69杨)的膜脂总脂肪酸、磷脂组分的配比和总磷脂含量,为判别杨树无性系新品种的抗寒能力提供了依据。